Depending on blood composition there were determined 4 blood group, of which details differ and we all know it: A, B, AB, 0 (zero).
Besides that there are fundamental classification rhesus negative blood (RH-) blood and Rhesus positive (RH +). Ratio is 85% RH + and RH-15%, with differences of about 1-10 percent from a geographic area of the globe to another. RH groups were discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener in experiments on rhesus monkeys, from which the name has been preserved.
It is important, especially if a woman want to have a child, to do blood tests to find the blood group. If the mother is RH negative and the father is RH positive , the fetus may inherit the father’s RH, just as it is possible to break. What happens in case of pregnancy with a RH negative mother? If you are RH negative, you may develop antibodies to an RH positive child. If a small amount of blood from the woman blood mix with the child, which happens frequently, your body will react as if you are allergic to children. This means that the woman become sensitive, and antibodies have crossed the placenta and attacked the child’s blood. They can destroy red blood cells of the child, causing anemia (blood has a low red blood cells). This condition is called hemolytic anemia. It is a severe complication of pregnancy because it can affect the brain or even to produce fetal death.
Hemolytic anemia appears if the mother is RH negative and if :
• She had a miscarriage • She had an ectopic pregnancy • blood transfusion Prevention • A blood test will inform the blood group and RH factor . • A certain type of test that will inform you if you have RH antibodies. • RH immunoglobulin injections (RH Ig)
When using RH immunoglobulin injections? RH immunoglobulin is used during pregnancy and after this. If an RH negative mother has not developed RH antibodies, your doctor may suggest to do shots of RH immunoglobulin in the 28th week of pregnancy to prevent anemia in future pregnancy. If the child is born with RH negative mother is recommended to do injections to prevent RH antibodies. RH immunoglobulin treatment is only necessary for the pregnancy. Every pregnancy and birth that are RH positive, require multiple doses of RH immunoglobulin. Also, an RH negative woman receives treatment after a miscarriage, abortion or ectopic pregnancy to prevent anti RH antibodies that could attack a possible future pregnancy. Other reasons for RH immunoglobulin administration could be when and if amniocentesis occurs, your RH positive fetus can mix with your RH negative mother produces antibodies, which necessitates the administration of RH immunoglobulin. RH negative mother may receive RH immunoglobulin after birth, whether recourse to sterilization by tubal binding for the following reasons: one is likely to discourage it and decide to reverse sterilization There is a very small chance to fail sterilization if a future transfusion therapy will help to prevent antibody. When a pregnant woman, having developed antibodies anti RH negative, RH immunoglobulin therapy has no effect. In this case, the pregnancy will be kept under specialized care to observe development of pregnancy. Your baby will be born at term and immediately after birth it have to be given healthy blood to replace diseased cells. For more severe cases, the child will be born before term and he will make the transfusion even in intrauterine life.