Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg is implanted outside the uterus, generally in one of the 
fallopian tubes This happens if the fallopian tubes are blocked, damaged or simply unable to transport the ovum to the uterus. On average about 4-5 days are needed for a fertilized egg to reach the ovaries to the uterus, once conception has occurred. Sometimes it may involve other parts of the abdomen, in the ovaries or the cervix.
The main cause of ectopic pregnancy is the existence of an abnormality fallopian tube that prevent a fertilized egg from reaching the uterus and thereby implanting in the uterus or anywhere outside the uterus. Fallopian tube abnormalities may arise from a pelvic infection, following surgery or because of endometriosis (presence of uterine lining outside the uterus).
In turn abnormal fallopian tubes can occur from several causes:
- Existence in pregnant history of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia or gonorrhea infections that cause scar tissue in the fallopian tube
- Surgery of the fallopian tube, often in order to restore a fallopian tube ligature or to repair a blocked fallopian tube or scar tissue
- The existence of a history of ectopic pregnancy in pregnant women.
Although the occurrence of pregnancy is rare after tubal ligature was made or after implantation of an intrauterine device (both are methods of contraception), the pregnancy still appear in these conditions and have a high enough risk to be ectopic.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms vary greatly from person to person. Of these could be mention:
- Abdominal pain or cervical (these may be easier, intermittent, or on the contrary, more severe, persistent, unexpected)
- Vaginal bleeding (heavy bleeding in the abdomen due to rupture of fallopian tubes )
- Pain in the shoulder (although cramping and bleeding can mean many things, shoulder pain, especially in the lying position, is a typical feature of ectopic pregnancy)
- Pain which intensifies during physical activity or when you cough.
Treatment
In most cases, ectopic pregnancy is treated once it is diagnosed, to avoid rupture and severe bleeding bodies. The method of treatment is chosen according to precocity of diagnosis and general condition of the pregnant woman. In selecting the method of treatment must take into consideration that the surgical method applied to the fallopian tube will increase the existing risk for future ectopic pregnancy or infertility. But surgery is required if the fallopian tube is already affected by ectopic pregnancy that develops. Ectopic pregnancies can be resistant to medical treatment so that medical treatment can be followed in some cases surgical treatment especially when the blood level of pregnancy hormone (HCG) does not decrease or when bleeding does not decrease. In turn, surgery may be followed by drug treatment, whether hormonal tests suggest that was not associated with load cell growth stopped.
In rare cases, a timely unrecognized abdominal ectopic pregnancy can result with a healthy baby.
During pregnancy, more than ever a woman should have a healthy and balanced diet . Over half of pregnant women, there was a marked stimulation of appetite, which usually starts at the beginning of the second quarter and held until the end of pregnancy, sometimes dim
inishing in recent months.
The frequent changes in tastes found at pregnant women, is the preference for fruit, pickles, salted foods, spices
The key to proper nutrition during pregnancy is balance and variety. Healthy diet should include foods from all food groups: fruits, vegetables, cereals, meat, dairy. It is preferred the dining in small amounts but more than once a day, only a few tables and rich, because in this way relieves nausea and characteristic early pregnancy and avoid over nutrition.
The consumption per day should include:
1. Cereal: 8 servings ( a slice of whole wheat bread, one cup of cereal, half cup of pasta or rice)
2. Vegetables: 4 or more servings (two links of carrots, a cup of shredded vegetables, one cup of cooked broccoli or cauliflower)
3. Fruits: 2-4 servings (a small apple, orange, pear or banana or a cup of raisins)
4. Dairy: 3 servings (250-300 ml of milk or yogurt or a 50 g of cheese)
5. Pork, beef, chicken or fish, eggs, nuts or seeds: 2-3 servings (beef or pork ,cooked poultry or seafood).
6. Fats, oils and sweets: very little
FOOD NOT recommended in pregnancy
1. Meat: pork, beef, chicken, fish and eggs or insufficiently cooked or raw.
2. Fast food
3. Swordfish, shark, catfish, mackerel, tuna. Disadvantaged are of methyl-mercury, a harmful metal increases brain and nervous system of the child.
4. Un pasteurized milk
5. Some types of milk and cheeses such as feta cheese, brie, Roquefort, etc..;
6. Pasta, canned meat or refreeze.
7. Un pasteurized juices
8. Vegetables picked green
9. Herbal nutritional supplements
10. Non-drinking water or untested.
11. Foods that contain peanuts, strawberries etc.
12. Alcohol, smoking, drugs
Pregnancy is a delicate time for your body. Because hormones and their action is intense, the skin suffers. Do not be overwhelmed by worry and do not let you say that you are the mother and doesn’t matter how you look. It is a totally wrong idea. Although some beauty gestures are prohibited, such epilating with wax and dyeing hair, you must not neglect the way you look. Find out how you can prevent certain beauty problems that occur during pregnancy.
Careful, sensitive skin! 
During pregnancy, skin becomes more sensitive, so you have to use mild soap and cleaning products that do not contain soda. Dermatologists usually recommend to replace soap and bubble bath liquid soap, with shower gel and lavender oil. You will clean the skin without an aggressive action .
To enhance the benefits of hygiene and mild products to prevent redness and irritation, generously apply lotion daily to the body, from head to toe. Choose those hypoallergenic body care products. You can buy from the pharmacy products for sensitive skin.
The hair.
If your hair is dry and is easy to split peaks, you should use a light shampoo indicated for sensitive hair and conditioner with regenerative action. Attention! Do not brush too often or too vigorously, because Emphasize damage. Avoid using too often hair dryer, electric hair curlers, apparatus of tension or wavy hair. Try not to apply generally very hot air near the head. Dry or damaged hair should be dried naturally. To prevent the occurrence or aggravation of problems, diet is important. It must be assumed daily consumption of foods rich in protein, carotene, essential fatty acids, iron, silicon, zinc, vitamin B (biotin), C and E.
Beautiful and healthy nails
Also during pregnancy, you can find some problem with the nail.
It happens that they become thin, brittle, to puff, to crack or to break more easily than usual.
For the nails to keep them beautiful and healthy, you must increase the intake of vitamin A, drinking carrot juice and eating more eggs, milk and liver. You have to consume three servings of fatty fish a week and possibly a fish oil supplement for omega-3 fatty acid.
Organic disorders during pregnancy are normal, but not required, excepting the women who have a sickness, because the body transformation process of evolution of the fetus began , since the union of sperm-egg cell. It is obvious the concern in the first phase, because physical and mental states are completely new and unusual but not abnormal! Such concern should not be exaggerated compared to the moments of discomfort, Deep visits to the doctor … some even unjustified.
Do not forget! Pregnancy is not a disease! is a normal period through billions of women have to go … Most states give psychiatric complications and internal conflicts and acute organic predisposing to all sorts of problems. For the physician you are like any “patient”. You’re the one who can overcome the attitude and consciously, every emotional imbalance, any form should dress.
It is started to put great emphasis on the technical investigation, the analysis, the only scientific ob
servations at the expense of a close relationship mother-fetus at the expense of their own observations, self-discovery, intuition, internal perception etc..
Look with optimism and joy the whole event. Each pregnancy itself is a unique moment in life and an important opportunity to spend more time with you to explore, to understand you, marking the mental and emotional maturity stage, experiencing the truly selfless and unconditional love. The chance for women to become better, more patient, more loving, wiser most beautiful and harmonious default.
Many women are in this vital period more , stronger, healthier and more beautiful than ever. It is not required to manifest phenomena of pregnancy generally peaceful and malaise morning with vomiting, dizziness, loss of balance, weight gain complexion, even acne or swollen feet, circulatory disorders, bladder and kidney disorders, painful breasts , dry hair, loss of calcium and more.
And again, remember, not to pay exaggerate attention to the specific changes in this period and to the fears of specific disorders of pregnancy that give much more stress to the mother rather to the baby, who is very protected and safe place in the uterus.
Women, especially the young who have recently started sexual life, they often ask questions: Does are pregnant? What are the symptoms of pregnancy? How do I know if I got pregnant? Pregnancy symptoms differ from woman to woman and from task to task, depending on many features, one of the most common warning signs of coming into the world of baby is delayed or lack of menstruation, the moment when the woman begins to be careful to the other symptoms of pregnancy.
Understanding the signs and symptoms of pregnancy is very important because each symptom may be connected with a particular medical condition. In some women some of the symptoms of pregnancy can be seen even just one week after conception.
The most common symptoms of pregnancy are:
1)Delay or disappearance of menstruation
Missing or delayed menstruation is the main symptom that quickly put the women on thought, and wonder if they got pregnant, if you got pregnant the next menstruation would not be appearing, but in some women there are leaks, especially in the first 3-4 months, leakage may be confused with menstruation, but the leakage takes less than in the case of regular menstruation.
2)Nausea or morning sickness
If suddenly you are too sensitive to any food and spend many mornings with such problems, you can wonder if you’re pregnant. Morning nausea and vomiting occur mostly in the morning, but not only then. Morning sickness are well known as signs of pregnancy and occurs in about 2.8 weeks after conception, some lucky women may not have the nausea at all, and other pregnant women don’t feel these unpleasant sensations on whole period of pregnancy.
3)Fatigue or drowsiness
The progesterone that a woman secret in this period may be responsible for your state of fatigue or sleepiness, because even if you relax, you don’t get rid of fatigue. You’d think it’s just fatigue, but if this state is maintained after a long rest and you have other symptoms of pregnancy, you could get to prepare for the baby room.
The sleepiness and fatigue are other signs of pregnancy that can sometimes start even the first week after conception.
4)Food cravings
It is well known the image of a pregnant women, she is greedy (she wants strawberries in winter, or the apple from a child’s hand), and she is always Flemish. During pregnancy the appetite is increased , different from your normal mood . – Even if you’re not a greedy person, during pregnancy can have cravings, cravings that start even in early pregnancy.
The 2nd trimester (13-27 weeks) is the most pleasant and comfortable in all pregnancy. You’re full of energy and a very good mood. Most of the unpleasant symptoms of the first 12 weeks of pregnancy are increasingly reduced or even absent. In fact, now, you are beginning to feel pregnant. It begins to see this and you have to change your wardrobe. You already gathered about 8 kg by week 27.Symptoms of this trimester of pregnancy are caused by hormones and uterine growth and include pain, edema (swelling) and pain in the legs, pain in the hips and abdomen, burning stomach, constipation, insomnia, bleeding from gums and nose , sweating, breathing hard and very frequent urination.
The first time you’ll hear the heart beating and feel your baby’s movements! Movements are becoming more frequent and stronger as he grows and develops. He already has a regular sleep and activity, but may not coincide with yours.
Another pleasant surprise is finding out the sex of the baby that if you want. Otherwise, you should tell the doctor not to mention this to you and not spoil the surprise at birth.
Your uterus is starting to prepare for birth and practicing Braxton Hicks contractions which are contractions of short duration, painless. If they become frequent, painful and more powerful, you should see your gynecologist. Other symptoms for which you must consult a medical emergency include vaginal bleeding, severe swelling of the face and hands, loss of amniotic fluid, fever over 39 C, vomiting, headaches long, painful and changes in rhythm baby’s movements. There are signs and symptoms of serious complications.
At the end of the 2nd quarter of pregnancy, the fetus measures approx. 36 cm and 850 grams and has the same look that he will have at birth, except that it is smaller and weaker. All major organs and systems are developed and the fetus is a human being in miniature. The skin looks wrinkled and is covered with a very soft hair and vernix caseosa (a lair of fat, which protects the skin). As fat accumulates, his skin will become more stretched as smooth and pink at birth.
The hair on the head is visible and the fingernails have reached fingertips. Lips begin to define. Nerve cells responsible for taste, smell, hearing, sight and touch to develop and begin to form complex connections. The baby hears and can even recognize your voice. Optic nerve work, so if you put a light on the tummy, he will turn his head in that direction. On the already developed teeth under the gums, it starts to form up enamel and dentin. Lungs began to grow and secretion of surfactant already starts to form, so necessary for breathing after birth.
In week 24 of pregnancy, the fetus is officially considered viable, surviving course of specialized care units for premature intensive care for several months. With each day spent in your uterus, his chances of survival in case of premature birth increases.
Depending on blood composition there were determined 4 blood group, of which details differ and we all know it: A, B, AB, 0 (zero).
Besides that there are fundamental classification rhesus negative blood (RH-) blood and Rhesus positive (RH +). Ratio is 85% RH + and RH-15%, with differences of about 1-10 percent from a geographic area of the globe to another. RH groups were discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener in experiments on rhesus monkeys, from which the name has been preserved.
It is important, especially if a woman want to have a child, to do blood tests to find the blood group. If the mother is RH negative and the father is RH positive , the fetus may inherit the father’s RH, just as it is possible to break. What happens in case of pregnancy with a RH negative mother? If you are RH negative, you may develop antibodies to an RH positive child. If a small amount of blood from the woman blood mix with the child, which happens frequently, your body will react as if you are allergic to children. This means that the woman become sensitive, and antibodies have crossed the placenta and attacked the child’s blood. They can destroy red blood cells of the child, causing anemia (blood has a low red blood cells). This condition is called hemolytic anemia. It is a severe complication of pregnancy because it can affect the brain or even to produce fetal death.
Hemolytic anemia appears if the mother is RH negative and if :
• She had a miscarriage • She had an ectopic pregnancy • blood transfusion Prevention • A blood test will inform the blood group and RH factor . • A certain type of test that will inform you if you have RH antibodies. • RH immunoglobulin injections (RH Ig)
When using RH immunoglobulin injections? RH immunoglobulin is used during pregnancy and after this. If an RH negative mother has not developed RH antibodies, your doctor may suggest to do shots of RH immunoglobulin in the 28th week of pregnancy to prevent anemia in future pregnancy. If the child is born with RH negative mother is recommended to do injections to prevent RH antibodies. RH immunoglobulin treatment is only necessary for the pregnancy. Every pregnancy and birth that are RH positive, require multiple doses of RH immunoglobulin. Also, an RH negative woman receives treatment after a miscarriage, abortion or ectopic pregnancy to prevent anti RH antibodies that could attack a possible future pregnancy. Other reasons for RH immunoglobulin administration could be when and if amniocentesis occurs, your RH positive fetus can mix with your RH negative mother produces antibodies, which necessitates the administration of RH immunoglobulin. RH negative mother may receive RH immunoglobulin after birth, whether recourse to sterilization by tubal binding for the following reasons: one is likely to discourage it and decide to reverse sterilization There is a very small chance to fail sterilization if a future transfusion therapy will help to prevent antibody. When a pregnant woman, having developed antibodies anti RH negative, RH immunoglobulin therapy has no effect. In this case, the pregnancy will be kept under specialized care to observe development of pregnancy. Your baby will be born at term and immediately after birth it have to be given healthy blood to replace diseased cells. For more severe cases, the child will be born before term and he will make the transfusion even in intrauterine life.
Pregnancy ghost, called pseudocyesis (from the Greek pseudos =false and kyesis=pregnancy), is when a woman has symptoms and signs that are similar with a real pregnancy, and the firm belief that is pregnant, when in reality it is not. There are a lot of cases of women who were convinced that they have an advanced pregnancy, even in months 5-6, and also a swollen abdomen which was appropriate to the size of real pregnancy.
False Pregnancy is a psychological phenomenon.
When a woman wants very much a child this thought can cause a very great mental strength, an unconscious process of determining the nature, to the point to feel really pregnant.
It goes through the symptoms comparable to those of a real pregnancy: to cease menstruation, nausea, painful breasts, vomiting, weight gain, increasing abdominal etc.
Also, fear of being pregnant can attract just a false pregnancy. Under the effect of anxieties, the operation 
can disturbed the hypothalamus, causing ovarian disorders. But due to reliable contraceptive means, nowadays, this type of false pregnancy, practically disappeared.
Very young girls, young women or the elderly, who may not have children and cannot easily accept this, are most prone to have a false pregnancy. False Pregnancy often finds its origins in family problems or behavior problems. Moral support is very important in this context of false pregnancy and if the problem is acute and repeated, therapy may prove to be the best solution in this way and avoid any relapses.
Today, with modern pregnancy tests, may be very fast for a woman to find out that she is not pregnant. In case of a false pregnancy, pregnancy tests are negative, despite signs of pregnancy that she receives, she discovers she is not pregnant. At this point psychological support, especially from partner is needed especially for women who want a child.
Active fetal movements believed that the woman receives in the womb, are, in fact, intestinal peristaltic movements and / or involuntary contractions of abdominal muscles. Changes in the breasts and the secretion of dairy remain relatively unexplained, there is an assumption that was due to the effect of drugs or stress.
You are all the time nervous and moody, the breast begin to hurt and increase, you feel sick in the morning but not only, you are always tired? It is time to take a pregnancy test. Ideally, at this time you already have made a set of common analysis to be sure that you will give your baby a healthy environment for future development. Otherwise, it is recommended to contact a gynecologist who will follow the pregnancy and to recommend these tests, and other necessary. You must carefully choose your gynecologist, to trust him and to make this a positive new experience
Symptoms of the first trimester, which is the most difficult of all pregnancy, includes blood and breast tenderness, morning nausea, vomiting, dizziness, emotional instability, increasing the frequency of urination as the uterus grows in size, increasing the sensation of hunger, a small weight gain, changes of smell and a metallic taste in your mouth. But not all women have the same symptoms. Each pregnancy is unique! Different even from the same woman from one pregnancy to another. In the first trimester of pregnancy, in weeks 1-12, for the future baby, take place the most important changes and developments. Embryo, which began as a small agglomeration of cells, becomes the fetus and they develop all the major organs. They will continue to grow and develop until birth. In week 12 he measures approx. 5.5 cm and 14 grams.
At the end of this trimester, the placenta is fully developed, and by primitive cord the blood begin to 
flow and also the nutrients. Fetal brain is fully formed and continue to grow. It begin to develop complex reflexes and the fetus can already feel pain, responds to touch and even begin to lead a finger in his mouth although he still does not know to suck.
Future baby begin to resemble a human being. Ears almost reached their final position on the side of the head. Eyelids cover the eyes and will remain so until the 7th month of pregnancy to protect the optic nerve. Nose and chin are formed. Begin to form vocal cords and bone marrow. Heart rate started the day 25 of pregnancy, and lower and upper limb buds appear on days 26-28. The bone is in process of ossification. The kidneys are functioning and after swallowing amniotic fluid, the fetus is able to remove the form of urine. The liver begins to function. The pancreas begins to secrete insulin. The baby is already moving, though still too small to feel it.
For the developing of the fetus to be normal but also to relieve some of the unpleasant symptoms for you ,is recommended to give up smoking to stop the consumption of drugs, alcoholic beverages, to avoid drinks containing caffeine and sweets, to avoid as much stress as you can. It is recommended a diet that contain more vegetables and fresh fruit quantity and frequent small meals (6/day), to avoid fatty foods, fried or spicy in excess, at least 8 hours of sleep per night, and last but not least, exercise trails .
The decision of a couple conceiving a child is an emotionally charged one, which lead to the emergence of tensions in the relationship of the couple. Repeated load tests or tests that do not show the outcome hoped for partners, are phenomena that put pressure on the couple.
Therefore, before deciding conception of a child is important to know the fertile periods in which the chances of conception are increased. In this way, it avoided the sense of frustration felt by the couple after a series of missed tests. Sexual relations should take place most often during ovulation.
Ovulation is the phenomenon of maturation (development) and the release of an egg from the ovaries of women. Around the time of ovulation is the fertile period of woman’s menstrual cycle, during which she can get pregnant easier. Knowing this period is particularly useful for planning a pregnancy within a family.
A pregnancy is the result of fecundation of an egg by a sperm, but in the days around ovulation: 3 to 4 days before and 1 to 2 days later. Statistics show that a stable 28-day cycle, ovulation occurs on the 14th day, considering as the first day of the cycle, the first day of menstruation. At a stable of 29-day cycle, ovulation takes place on the 15th, at a 30 days ovulation occurs on the 16th day, and so constant is the period of 14 days from ovulation to
future cycle.
An egg lives between 12 and 24 hours. Then, if not fertilized it dies and is removed. Life sperm is around 3 to 5 days. Fertilization of the egg depends on their viability and motility. X chromosome-bearing sperm (those who do girls …) are greater in volume, they move slower but live longer, between 3 to 5 days. The Y chromosome carriers (those who will be boys …) are smaller, more nimble but live only 24 to 48 hours. Therefore, if sexual intercourse takes place very close to, or immediately after the time of ovulation, are greater chances of being a boy, otherwise Y chromosome-bearing sperm will die and the X chromosome carriers will “wait” and it will fertilize the egg.
Measurement of basal temperature
Basal temperature is taken in the morning in bed, unable to rest, when the woman wakes up. Temperature before ovulation is less than 36.6 degrees Celsius, it increases the time of ovulation. But this is not so sure because the temperature may vary for external reasons. Thus, if the woman has the flu, is cooled or eat spicy the night before, next day basal temperature increases, without this being a sign of ovulation.
What to do in case of infertility?
A couple is diagnosed as infertile if it fails to achieve a pregnancy after a period of one year, sometimes two, when the partners did not take contraceptives and had heterosexual relationships, non-childbearing potential. In this case, both partners must be present in private practice for a series of tests. Contrary to popular belief, in cases of infertility are mainly responsible men, sperm quality is affected by unhealthy diets and pollution.
Semen is thus the first test to be performed in cases of infertility. If it is found that the partner is healthy, will investigate the health of future mothers. Tests that are considering setting health genital anatomy: normal uterus without malformations and lack of double uterus or womb. If the anatomical point of view everything is fine, continue with a series of tests that have to establish the existence of infection. Infections leading to infertility including micro plasma, urea plasma and Chlamydia.
Another important aspect to be considered is the patient’s medical history, if it had a birth or an abortion. In this case, check tubal permeability by making an X-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes . Another step is to investigate ovarian function and ovulation.